Vesper Sparrows and Western Meadowlarks Show a Mixed Response to Cattle Grazing in the Intermountain Region of British Columbia

نویسندگان

  • Megan L. Harrison
  • Nancy A. Mahony
  • Alicia Newbury
  • David J. Green
چکیده

Livestock grazing in the shortgrass steppe of the Intermountain region of British Columbia is predicted to have significant effects on grassland habitats and their associated ground-nesting bird communities. We tested whether grazed and ungrazed sites could be discriminated on the basis of their vegetation communities, whether the abundance of two ground-nesting bird species, Vesper Sparrow (Pooecetes gramineus) and Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta), differed between grazed and ungrazed sites, and whether vegetation variables found to differ between grazed and ungrazed plots could be used to predict the abundance of the two bird species at a fine scale. Grazed sites were easily distinguishable from a site that had been ungrazed for >30 years based on the structure and composition of their vegetation communities. However, more detailed grazing categories could not be distinguished on the basis of vegetation characteristics. Despite the existence of grazing effects on vegetation structure and composition, we found no consistent differences in abundance of Vesper Sparrows and Western Meadowlarks between the grazed and ungrazed sites. However, there was weak evidence that the abundance of both species was higher at fine-scale plots (100 m radius point count station) with less bare ground and taller vegetation. Bare ground cover was lower on grazed plots, but vegetation was taller on ungrazed plots. Combined, our results suggest that low intensity grazing leads to grassland habitat change with both negative and positive effects on Vesper Sparrows and Western Meadowlarks, resulting in no net change in their broad-scale abundance. RÉSUMÉ. On pense que le broutement du bétail dans la steppe de la région intramontagnarde de la Colombie-Britannique a des effets significatifs sur les milieux de prairie et les communautés d’oiseaux nichant au sol qui y sont associées. Nous avons testé les hypothèses suivantes : 1) Est-il possible de discriminer les sites broutés des sites non broutés à partir de leur communauté végétale? 2) L’abondance de deux espèces d’oiseaux nichant au sol, le Bruant vespéral (Pooecetes gramineus) et la Sturnelle de l’Ouest (Sturnella neglecta), diffère-t-elle selon le type de sites (broutés vs non broutés)? 3) Les variables relatives à la végétation qui diffèrent entre les sites broutés et les sites non broutés peuvent-elles servir à prévoir l’abondance des deux espèces d’oiseaux à une échelle fine? Les sites broutés ont été faciles à distinguer des sites qui n’avaient pas été broutés depuis plus de 30 ans, d’après la structure et la composition de leur communauté végétale. Toutefois, des catégories de broutement plus détaillées n’ont pas pu être déterminées à partir des caractéristiques végétales. Bien que le broutement ait des effets sur la structure et la composition végétale, nous n’avons pas trouvé de différences significatives dans l’abondance du Bruant vespéral et celle de la Sturnelle de l’Ouest entre les sites broutés et non broutés. Toutefois, selon la tendance que nous avons détectée, l’abondance des deux espèces était supérieure à l’échelle fine des parcelles (station Centre for Wildlife Ecology Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser University, Wildlife Research Division Science and Technology Branch Environment Canada Avian Conservation and Ecology Écologie et conservation des oiseaux 5(1): 1 http://www.ace-eco.org/vol5/iss1/art1/ d’écoute à rayon de 100 m) ayant moins de sol nu et plus de végétation haute. La proportion de sol à nu était moins grande dans les parcelles broutées, tandis que la végétation était plus haute sur les parcelles non broutées. Dans l’ensemble, nos résultats indiquent que le broutement à faible intensité modifie les milieux de prairie et que ces changements ont des effets tant positifs que négatifs sur le Bruant vespéral et la Sturnelle de l’Ouest, ce qui fait qu’à grande échelle, l’abondance de ces deux espèces ne présente aucun changement net.

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تاریخ انتشار 2010